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排序方式: 共有405条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
氮素是影响湖泊富营养化的关键元素之一,对湖泊中氮素生物地球化学循环整个过程进行全面的了解,有利于对湖泊富营养化进行控制和治理.本文综述了湖泊生态系统(特别是富营养化湖泊)中氮素的输入、输出及其在沉积物-水界面的迁移转化规律,着重分析和比较了藻型湖泊和草型湖泊的不同食物链中的氮素营养循环过程,重点讨论了微生物参与的硝化作用、反硝化作用、生物固氮和厌氧氨氧化等过程的最新研究进展,并对氮循环相关的研究方法和技术进行了小结.最后指出当前国内外研究中亟待解决的问题,并对湖泊氮循环今后的研究方向提出了建议. 相似文献
62.
Joseph A. Shacat William J. Green Eric H. Decarlo Silvia Newell 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2004,10(3-4):325-352
Lake Joyce is one of the least studied lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Similar to other lakes in this region, Lake Joyce is a closed-basin, permanently ice-covered, meromictic lake. We present here a detailed investigation of major ions, nutrients, and dissolved trace elements for Lake Joyce. Specifically, we investigate the role of iron and manganese oxides and hydrous oxides in trace metal cycling.Lake Joyce is characterized by fresh, oxic waters overlying an anoxic brine, primarily Na–Cl. Surface waters have a maximum nitrate concentration of 26M with a molar dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 477. The supply of nitrogen is attributed to atmospheric deposition, possibly from polar stratospheric clouds. Dissolved phosphorus is scavenged by hydrous iron oxides. The pH is highest (10.15) just beneath the 7-m thick ice cover and decreases to a minimum of 7.29 in the redox transition zone. Dissolved Al exceeds 8M in surface waters, and appears to be controlled by equilibrium with gibbsite. In contrast, concentrations of other trace elements in surface waters are quite low (e.g., 5.4nM Cu, 0.19nM Co, <20pM La). Dissolved Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd were below our detection limits of 13 nM, 1. 8 nM, 4.7 nM and 15pM (respectively) in surface waters. There was a 6-m vertical separation in the onset of Mn and Fe reduction, with dissolved Mn appearing higher in the water column than Fe. Based on thermodynamic calculations, dissolved Mn appears to be controlled by equilibrium with hausmannite (Mn3 O4 ). Co tracks the Mn profile closely, suggesting Co(III) is bound in the lattice of Mn oxides, whereas the Ce profile is similar, yet the Ce anomaly suggests oxidative scavenging of Ce. Release of Cu, Ni, Cd and trivalent REE appears to be controlled by pH-induced desorption from Fe and Mn oxides, although Cu (and perhaps Ni) may be scavenged by organic matter in surface waters. 相似文献
63.
Eileen M. McCusker Peggy H. Ostrom Nathaniel E. Ostrom Jeffery D. Jeremiason Joel E. Baker 《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(12):687
This study describes the biogeochemical cycling of seston in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. Seston was characterized by carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic abundances. Fluorescence, temperature, light transmittance, and concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were also determined. PCBs were analyzed from surface (10 m) seston and ΣPCB was calculated by summing all of the congeners quantified in each sample. The vertical and seasonal trends in the δ13C values of seston exhibited a broad range from −30.7 to −23.9‰. Low δ13C values that occur concurrently with a peak in fluorescence below the thermocline reflect uptake of 13C depleted respiratory CO2 and/or the accumulation of 13C depleted lipids by phytoplankton. High δ13C values late in the season likely result from a reduction in photosynthetic fractionation associated with a decrease in the CO2 pool. Seasonal δ15N values of seston were high in the spring and declined through August. The δ15N values of seston reflect a balance between fractionation during assimilation of NH4+ or NO3− and degradative processes. The seston ΣPCB and fluorescence were both high in the spring and subsequently declined, suggesting that the concentrations of PCBs in seston were associated with labile material derived from primary productivity. The strong seasonal trends in the organic geochemical characteristics of seston and concentrations of PCBs emphasize the complex nature of particle cycling in aquatic environments. 相似文献
64.
65.
Santschi Peter H. Honeyman Bruce D. Quigley Matthew S. 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(4):230-239
In 1975 Paul Schindler produced the first oceanic trace metal scavenging model to explicitly include the role of surface chemistry as a control on trace metal water column residence times. The eighteen years that have elapsed since the publication of Schindler's seminal paper have seen the development of a variety of oceanic scavenging models; yet, the fundamental insight of his Zero-order Model remains the benchmark. This paper describes the role of Paul Schindler's work on surface chemistry in providing a framework for the current generation of trace element scavenging models. 相似文献
66.
The kinetics of conversion of iron(III) (hydr)oxides to ferrous iron mediated by fulvic acid have been investigated in order to improve the understanding of the redox cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic boundary in natural waters. Under the conditions similar to natural waters, fulvic acid is able to reduce the iron(III) (hydr)oxide. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the reactivity of iron(III) (hydr)oxides and the reducing power of the fulvic acid. The rate of reaction is 60 nm/h obtained under following conditions: total concentration of Fe(III) 1.0 × 10–4 M, pH 7.5, fulvic acid 5 mg/L. The rate is considered as a net result of reduction and oxidation in the > FeIII-OH/Fe(II) wheel coupled with fulvic acid. In a real natural water system, reductants other than fulvic acid may be of importance. The results obtained in the laboratory, however, provide evidence that the Fe(OH)3(s)/Fe(II) redox couple is able to act as an electron-transfer mediator for the oxidation of natural organic substances, such as fulvic acid by molecular oxygen either in the absence of microorganisms or as a supplement to microbial activity. 相似文献
67.
D. Span J. Dominik M. A. Lazzaretti J. -P. Vernet 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):277-284
The bottom sediment from three coring stations in Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano) show major differences in their role in the P-cycles related to their geochemistry and characteristics of sedimentation. In the northern basin, the deepest sediment may be considered practically inactive, due to a permanently reduced condition at the sediment-water interface. In the southern basin, the sediments are active with respect to P-recycling with strong seasonal variations. One of the sites (Figino) behaves as a sink for P due to a high iron content and an important rate of detrital sedimentation. 相似文献
68.
表层岩溶系统因碳酸盐岩-水-CO2(气)三相的化学动态不平衡过程而产生特殊的碳循环环节,参加循环的碳包括碳酸盐岩中的碳、大气和土壤空气CO2部分。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环非常活跃,并敏感地响应岩溶动力因素的变化,从而促进了地球化学过程和生物化学过程的结合,成为大气CO2汇的重要项。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环通过驱动环境的元素迁移,促进土壤有机质的积累,并影响植物所需要的矿物质营养元素的全量和有效态,进而影响岩溶区的植物物种、特有性和作物的发育。 相似文献
69.
中国南天山西部冲断褶皱系前缘区的运动学特征 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
南天山冲断褶皱系是中-上新世以来形成的以薄皮滑脱为主的冲断构造,冲断作用导致了盆地内及周缘区古-新生界的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩地层发主形变。本文对该冲断系前缘区 (巴音库鲁提北部至喀什地区 )的运动学特征进行了研究。南天山冲断褶皱系从平面上分出了六个冲断褶皱带。从剖面上划分出两种不同的冲断体系。冲断系的前锋为盲冲结构的构造三角带。冲断作用导致前锋区中新世以来层系变形、抬升并出露地表,本区有两个区域性的主滑脱面,冲断作用及断层相关褶皱的形成是冲断层沿主滑脱面向前陆方向逐渐推进的结果。同时发育的次级冲断层导致冲断褶皱带的复杂化。文章同时指出,南天山冲断褶皱系的冲断扩展顺序为逆序。这与塔里木盆地南缘西昆仑山前冲断带的活动方式相反,暗示着南天山构造带的运动学特征是独特的。利用平衡地质剖面的方法,在综合地质和地球物理资料的基础上,作出本区的构造横剖面图并进行了平衡恢复,从而得出南天山冲断褶皱系前缘区上新世以来的南北缩短率为30 %,缩短量为 5 0km,缩短速率为 9- 10mm/a。 相似文献
70.
S. Widdicombe A. Beesley J.A. Berge S.L. Dashfield C.L. McNeill H.R. Needham S. Øxnevad 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
A mesocosm experiment was conducted to quantify the relationships between the presence and body size of two burrowing heart urchins (Brissopsis lyrifera and Echinocardium cordatum) and rates of sediment nutrient flux. Furthermore, the impact of seawater acidification on these relationships was determined during this 40-day exposure experiment. Using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, seawater was acidified to pHNBS 7.6, 7.2 or 6.8. Control treatments were maintained in natural seawater (pH ≈ 8.0). Under normocapnic conditions, burrowing urchins were seen to reduce the sediment uptake of nitrite or nitrate whilst enhancing the release of silicate and phosphate. In acidified (hypercapnic) treatments, the biological control of biogeochemical cycles by urchins was significantly affected, probably through the combined impacts of high CO2 on nitrifying bacteria, benthic algae and urchin behaviour. This study highlights the importance of considering biological interactions when predicting the consequences of seawater acidification on ecosystem function. 相似文献